Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
Pilot In Vitro Study to Assess Cleaning Ability and Effects of Different Decontamination Methods on Implant Surfaces
Published on: November 21, 2025
Influence of an MDP Salt-Based Surface Cleaner on Bond Strength to Saliva-Contaminated Dentin At Different Stages of
Purpose:
This in vitro study was designed to assess the influence of KATANA™ Cleaner (KC) on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of composite resin restorations to saliva-contaminated dentin surfaces at various stages of the bonding process using a two-step self-etch adhesive system.
Materials And Methods:
A total of 140 sound human molars were randomly assigned into 14 groups according to the timing of saliva contamination and the decontamination approach. Saliva contamination was introduced at critical phases of adhesive application (before primer, after primer, after bond application, and after bond polymerization). KC was used for surface decontamination where applicable. Clearfil SE Bond adhesive and Filtek Z250 composite resin were applied using standardized procedures. μSBS test was performed after 24-h water storage, and failure modes were analyzed using stereomicroscopy. Additionally, dentin surfaces were evaluated under SEM. EDS was employed to evaluate the structure of the adhesive surface. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests (α = 0.05).
Results:
A significant difference in μSBS was observed among the groups (P = 0.029). The highest μSBS (29.5 ± 9.25 MPa) was recorded in the group that was contaminated after primer application and subsequently decontaminated with KC prior to bonding, surpassing even the uncontaminated control group. Decontamination following contamination after polymerization also led to significantly improved μSBS (26.5 ± 10.78 MPa). Groups without any decontamination exhibited significantly lower μSBS. Predominantly cohesive (in composite resin) and mixed failure modes were observed in high-strength groups, while adhesive failures were more common in low-strength groups.
Conclusion:
KC significantly improved the μSBS of composite resin in saliva-contaminated dentin, particularly when applied after primer or post-polymerization contamination. These findings support the clinical use of KC as an effective decontamination protocol to maintain bonding performance under compromised isolation.
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