Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.3K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.3K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.3K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.2K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.2K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.5K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
21.5K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

50.4K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
50.4K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.0K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals that cuproptosis in bovine cumulus cells triggers the intercellular transmission of senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction to impair oocyte quality.

Theriogenology·2026
Same author

LncRNA7503 decreases peach (Prunus persica) branch number and angle by inducing pre-miR395a degradation and reducing bioactive BR content.

Molecular horticulture·2026
Same author

PpBRC1 negatively regulates branching via modulating GA signal transduction gene PpGID1b in peach (Prunus persica).

Plant cell reports·2026
Same author

A suturable multilayered fibrous scaffold loaded with α-ketoglutarate for enhanced bone regeneration.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Identifying biomarkers of the serum proteins and metabolites associated with severe preeclampsia.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026
Same author

Bioactivity-Structure Synergy for Osteogenesis: An Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Releasing PA66/HAp/Gelatin Gradient Porous Scaffold.

ACS biomaterials science & engineering·2026
Same journal

Engineered Young Brown Adipose Tissue-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Radiation-Induced Lung Injury by Promoting G Protein-Coupled Receptor 183 Ubiquitination.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Pore Geometry-Driven Capture of Trace Aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds in Al-Based MOFs.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Dual-Bridged Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Framework with Integrated Specific Fluorescent Recognition and Cooperative Adsorption Capabilities.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Split-Gate Memtransistors for Energy-Efficient Adaptive Reinforcement Learning.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Interface Coordination Nucleation of Copper Nanoclusters on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

High-Performance Near-Infrared Quantum Emission from Color Centers in hBN.

ACS nano·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
07:14

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

6.6K

Mechanism for Borophene Phase Transition on Substrate.

Maolin Yu1,2, Yangming Gui1, Zhiqiang Zhao2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.

ACS Nano
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Borophene transitions between phases on silver substrates due to boron atom migration and sinking. This mechanism explains the temperature-driven phase change, aiding controlled borophene synthesis.

Keywords:
borophenedensity functional theory calculationsmachine learning potentialmetadynamics simulationsphase transition

More Related Videos

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.5K
Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism
09:36

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

Published on: July 18, 2018

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
07:14

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

6.6K
Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.5K
Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism
09:36

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

Published on: July 18, 2018

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Borophene exhibits distinct phases (e.g., v1/6, v1/5) on Ag(111) substrates.
  • The mechanism driving temperature-induced borophene phase transitions remains poorly understood.
  • This lack of understanding impedes precise control over borophene synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the atomic-level mechanism behind the v1/6 to v1/5 phase transition in borophene on Ag(111).
  • To establish a theoretical framework for controlling borophene synthesis through temperature manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations (ab initio) to investigate atomic interactions and migration.
  • Machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling techniques.
  • Analysis of atomic migration, coordination, and sinking into the Ag(111) substrate.

Main Results:

  • Phase transition is driven by synergistic in-plane boron atom migration and sinking into the Ag(111) substrate.
  • Atomic sinking into the substrate promotes further boron migration, initiating v1/5 domains.
  • Simulations successfully rationalize the experimental temperature range for intermixed v1/6 and v1/5 phase formation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed mechanism of coupled migration and sinking provides a clear understanding of borophene phase transitions.
  • Findings offer guidance for experimental strategies to achieve structure- and layer-controlled borophene synthesis.
  • This work paves the way for tailored borophene materials with desired properties.