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Operando Monitoring of Bubble Dynamics in PEM Water Electrolyzers Using Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Jiajin Zheng1, Junyu Lu1, Shuaipeng Xu1

  • 1College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.

ACS Sensors
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
bubble dynamicsoperando monitoringoptical fiber sensorsproton exchange membrane water electrolyzerstilted fiber Bragg grating

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