Study of oral microbiome by next generation sequencing in T1DM adolescents with periodontal disease

Periodontal disease (PD) is common in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM); however, studies related to oral microbiome in PD in type 1 diabetes is limited.

In this cross-sectional study,60 participants were enrolled in three groups. T1DM with PD (DMPD, n = 20), T1DM without periodontal disease (DM, n = 20)), and siblings without diabetes but with PD (PD, n = 20)). All the participants underwent comprehensive periodontal examination. Gingival plaque samples were collected for DNA isolation and next-generation sequencing to quantify microbiological abundance.

In total, 3294 operational taxonomic units were identified and analysed. Significant difference was observed across the groups, notably Prevotella, Megasphaera, Dialister, and Camphylobacter, Aggregatibacter, and Corynebacterium showed difference in abundance. Prevotella was found to have a very high and statistically significant abundance in DMPD. Prevotella, Veillonella, and Selenomonas were significantly higher in the poorly controlled glycemic group. Subjects with severe Gingival Index (GI) exhibit higher abundance of Capnocytophaga, Neisseria and Rothia compared to those with non-severe GI.

The Oral microbiome composition of individuals with T1DM varied significantly in the presence of periodontal disease. The oral microbiome also varies according to glycemic status of T1DM and severity of PD. The markedly increased abundance of certain phyla and genera in subjects with PD and diabetes suggests a role for the relevant microbiota in the development of periodontal infection in T1DM subjects.