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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge01:15

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

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The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Wheatstone Bridge01:29

Wheatstone Bridge

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An ohmmeter is a resistance-measuring device. It works by applying a voltage to a resistor of unknown resistance and measuring the current across the resistor. The resistance value is deduced using Ohm's law. Usually, the standard configuration of an ohmmeter comprises a voltmeter or an ammeter. However, such configurations are limited in accuracy because the meters alter the voltage applied to the resistor and the current that flows through it.
Thus, for accurate resistance measurements, a...
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Bridge rectifier01:24

Bridge rectifier

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The bridge rectifier is essential in electronics for efficiently converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Comprised of four diodes configured in a bridge layout, this rectifier effectively processes both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, making it superior to half-wave and full-wave center-tapped rectifiers in terms of voltage regulation and output stability.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

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The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
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Bridging Languages, Broadening Access: Examining an Observation-Based Autism Assessment with a Latinx Sample.

Maira Tafolla1, Juliette Lerner2, So Hyun Kim3

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Nancy Friend Pritzker Psychiatry Building, 675 18thSt, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA. maira.tafollamagana@ucsf.edu.

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PubMed
Summary

The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) shows promise as an affordable tool for autism assessment across languages and settings. Further research aims to optimize its use for diverse, underserved populations, reducing diagnostic delays.

Keywords:
AssessmentAutismObservationScreenerSpanish

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Standardized autism assessment tools are crucial for reliable diagnoses but are often expensive and require extensive training.
  • Existing tools may lack validation for multilingual and low-income populations, contributing to significant diagnostic wait times.
  • Timely and accurate autism assessment is vital for early intervention and support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the psychometric properties of the Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA).
  • To evaluate the BOSA's sensitivity and specificity in English and Spanish within a diverse, low-income sample.
  • To assess the BOSA's potential as an accessible autism assessment tool.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved a semi-structured observation, the BOSA, administered in 12-14 minutes.
  • Psychometric properties, including sensitivity and specificity, were evaluated in both English and Spanish.
  • The sample comprised 98 Latinx individuals, predominantly from low-income households.

Main Results:

  • The BOSA demonstrated promise as a screening or comprehensive evaluation tool.
  • It is adaptable for use across various languages, settings (home, clinic, community), and interactants (caregivers, clinicians).
  • The tool is particularly suitable for individuals with limited verbal abilities, though further research is needed for verbally fluent populations.

Conclusions:

  • The BOSA is positioned as an affordable and adaptable tool to improve access to quality autism assessments for underserved communities.
  • Further research is recommended to optimize coding efficiency and assess its utility in different contexts.
  • The BOSA's potential use by non-specialists could significantly reduce diagnostic delays for minority and non-English-speaking families.