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A primer on equivalence (negligible effect) testing
Nataly Beribisky1, Robert A Cribbie1
1Quantitative Methods Program, Department of Psychology, York University.
Abstract:
Equivalence testing, also called negligible effect significance testing (NEST), is appropriate when a researcher would like to find evidence of a negligible association. However, since equivalence testing/NEST procedures are newer and considerably less popular than traditional difference-based null hypothesis significance testing, it is useful to give a gentle introduction to these methods. Accordingly, this tutorial article aims to provide an overview of NEST/equivalence testing procedures by describing the nature of the procedures, explaining when they should be used, defining what considerations should go into their application (including selecting a minimally meaningful effect size), and outlining how they may be conducted and interpreted. The tutorial article also includes examples and code in open-source software to illustrate how these procedures may be applied to real data. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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