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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
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International expert consensus on thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules (2025 Edition).

Shi-Liang Cao1, Shu-Rong Wang2, Ji-Hoon Kim3

  • 1Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.

International Journal of Surgery (London, England)
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This expert consensus provides standardized guidelines for thermal ablation (TA) of benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). It aims to improve patient outcomes by establishing specific indications and techniques for this distinct therapeutic approach.

Keywords:
benign thyroid nodulesexpert consensusthermal ablation

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Thermal ablation (TA) is increasingly used for benign thyroid nodules (BTNs), but lacks standardized indications and techniques.
  • Current guidelines often rely on surgical criteria, not fully leveraging TA's unique benefits.
  • A need exists for specific TA indications and standardized protocols for BTNs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish novel, specific indications for TA in BTNs.
  • To standardize TA techniques and periablation management for BTNs.
  • To create an expert consensus for optimal BTN treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review and clinical experience informed preliminary recommendations.
  • A multidisciplinary panel of 30 experts utilized the modified Delphi method.
  • Multiple rounds of review, rating, and revision by experts ensured consensus.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-six recommendations were developed for TA of BTNs.
  • Recommendations cover indications, contraindications, training, procedures, and management.
  • The consensus addresses preablation preparation, complications, efficacy, and follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • The consensus provides clear indications and technical details for TA in BTNs.
  • Standardized practices are expected to enhance patient outcomes.
  • This consensus will guide future research and policy in BTN management.