Experiences and coping strategies among patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in Ghana: A phenomenological study

Globally, chronic renal failure (CRF) presents significant physical, emotional, and psychosocial challenges for patients. The burden of CRF is further compounded by limited access to specialized healthcare, financial constraints, and factors that shape patient experiences and coping strategies. Therefore, this study sought to explore the lived experiences and coping strategies of patients with chronic renal failure in Ghana. A phenomenological qualitative design was employed, using purposive. Data collection involved in-depth interviews, and the transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis with the aid of ATLAS.ti. The analysis was presented in a thematic network to visualize key themes and subthemes. The study did not adopt a pre-existing theoretical framework but was guided by participants' narratives. Thematic analysis revealed two major themes: (1) Lived experiences of chronic renal failure, with subthemes of emotional distress, physical challenges, and financial hardship; and (2) Coping strategies, including emotional coping, avoidance, religious faith, and acceptance coping. The lived experiences of patients with chronic renal failure revealed profound emotional, physical, and financial challenges. Patients initially described their diagnosis as shocking and distressing, with many experiencing depression, anxiety, or suicidal thoughts. Financial strain and limited access to dialysis worsened their burden. Nonetheless, various coping strategies helped patients adapt and regain a sense of control. Acceptance, emotional and avoidance coping emerged as a powerful coping mechanism, where patients acknowledged their illness, adapted their lifestyle, and found resilience in living one day at a time. Living with chronic renal failure significantly impacts patients emotional, physical, and financial well-being, with many experiencing depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. Despite these challenges, patients employ coping strategies such as emotional expression, avoidance, reliance on religious faith, and acceptance. The study emphasizes the need for the Ghana Health Service to prioritize individualized interventions, and post-diagnosis counselling, and to enhance coping effectiveness and improve patient outcomes.