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Using a TMS Navigation System for High-Precision Digitization of Sensor Locations to Improve Source Localization.

Marina Morozova1, Lev Yakovlev2, Nikolay Syrov3

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This study presents a practical method for digitizing electroencephalography (EEG) sensor locations using Navigated Brain Stimulation (NBS) systems. This approach enhances the accuracy of brain source localization without new equipment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Accurate source localization in neuroscience relies on precise spatial digitization of sensor locations.
  • Existing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) infrastructure, specifically Navigated Brain Stimulation (NBS) systems, is underutilized for electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) sensor digitization.
  • Dedicated digitization equipment can be costly, posing a barrier for many research labs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a practical, reliable, and cost-effective method for digitizing EEG sensor locations using the Nexstim NBS system.
  • To demonstrate how to integrate digitized sensor data into EEG preprocessing and source localization pipelines.
  • To improve the spatial accuracy and anatomical relevance of source modeling in EEG and fNIRS studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Nexstim NBS system's default tools for digitizing EEG electrode positions.
  • Exporting coordinate data and processing it using custom Python scripts.
  • Integrating digitized data into MNE-Python for source localization, including alignment with MRI images and coregistration optimization.

Main Results:

  • The protocol provides a complete workflow from digitization to source estimation.
  • Custom Python scripts facilitate coordinate processing and coregistration, ensuring reproducibility.
  • Incorporating digitized electrode positions significantly improves the anatomical accuracy and interpretability of cortical source estimates compared to standard electrode montages.

Conclusions:

  • The Navigated Brain Stimulation (NBS) system offers a practical solution for accurate EEG sensor digitization.
  • Leveraging existing TMS infrastructure reduces the need for specialized digitization equipment.
  • This method enhances the reliability and anatomical validity of brain source localization techniques.