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Updated: Feb 11, 2026
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The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe
Published on: December 3, 2016
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Predicting bone conduction device output using a forehead surface microphone: comparison with promontory motion and
Tobias Mair1, Ivo Dobrev1, Christof Röösli1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
International Journal of Audiology
|February 9, 2026
Summary
A prototype forehead surface microphone (SM) accurately measures bone conduction device (BCD) output at low to mid frequencies. Further development is needed for reliable high-frequency prediction.
Area of Science:
- Audiology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Medical Devices
Background:
- Bone conduction devices (BCDs) are crucial for hearing rehabilitation.
- Accurate measurement of BCD output is essential for optimizing patient outcomes.
- Surface microphones (SMs) offer a non-invasive method for assessing BCD performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the accuracy of a custom forehead-mounted surface microphone (SM) for predicting output from various bone conduction devices (BCDs).
- To compare SM measurements with direct measures of cochlear motion and pressure.
Main Methods:
- An experimental study using six human cadaver heads.
- Measurements were taken with three BCDs (ADHEAR and two BONEBRIDGE devices).
- A stepped sine stimulus from 0.1 to 10 kHz was applied, and SM output was compared to cochlear promontory motion and intracochlear pressure.
Main Results:
- Strong linear correlations were found between SM sound pressure and cochlear responses from 400 Hz to 2 kHz.
- SM sensitivity decreased at higher frequencies: above 2 kHz for ADHEAR and above 3 kHz for BONEBRIDGE.
- This frequency-dependent decline limited the predictive accuracy of the SM at higher ranges.
Conclusions:
- The prototype SM shows promise for estimating BCD dynamic range at low to mid frequencies in clinical settings.
- Normalization of SM output to hearing thresholds could enhance its clinical utility.
- Further research and development are required to improve SM sensitivity and achieve reliable output prediction across the full clinically relevant frequency spectrum.
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