Ten Hot Topics in Cardiovascular Risk Management for Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD is frequently underestimated and insufficiently treated in routine clinical practice.

In this narrative review, we address ten concise and up-to-date questions focused on cardiovascular risk management in CKD. A panel of ten expert nephrologists provides evidence-based perspectives on key aspects including assessment of the arterial tree, cardiovascular risk estimation, identification of biomarkers for improved risk stratification, and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions proven to reduce cardiovascular risk. Additional topics include blood pressure targets, optimal management of dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk management in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Practical strategies to translate this evidence into everyday clinical care are also discussed.

A comprehensive and structured approach to cardiovascular risk assessment and management are essential in patients with CKD and should be systematically integrated into routine nephrology practice to improve cardiovascular outcomes.