Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.7K

Comprehensive Assessment of Left Ventricular Function and Exercise Endurance in Patients with Hypertrophic

Yufen Lin1, Shuhong Hou1, Jianting Lin1

  • 1Department of Ultrasound, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China.

Cardiology
|February 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Left ventricular pressure-strain loop (LV-PSL) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) effectively detect impaired left ventricular function and exercise endurance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, aiding clinical decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex condition affecting left ventricular (LV) function and exercise capacity.
  • Early and accurate assessment of LV function and exercise tolerance is crucial for managing HCM patients.
  • Traditional methods may not fully capture the subtle functional changes in HCM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate left ventricular (LV) function and exercise endurance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients.
  • To utilize left ventricular pressure-strain loop (LV-PSL) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for comprehensive assessment.
  • To explore the relationship between maximum left ventricular wall thickness (MWT) and various clinical and functional parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Inclusion of 55 non-obstructive HCM patients and 55 healthy controls.
  • Application of 2D ultrasound speckle tracking for global longitudinal strain (GLS), strain peak time dispersion (PSD), global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE).
  • Performance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to measure peak oxygen consumption (Peak VO2), anaerobic threshold (AT), VE/VCO2 slope, oxygen pulse (VO2/HR), and metabolic equivalents (METs).

Main Results:

  • HCM patients exhibited reduced GLS, GWI, GCW, GWE, and increased GWW, PSD compared to controls (P < 0.05).
  • HCM group showed significantly lower Peak VO2, AT, VO2/HR, METs (P < 0.05), with no significant change in VE/VCO2 slope (P > 0.05).
  • Maximum left ventricular wall thickness (MWT) correlated with NYHA class, GLS, PSD, GCW, GWW, Peak VO2, and AT (P < 0.05), with independent associations with PSD, GCW, and GWW (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • LV-PSL combined with CPET effectively identifies early left ventricular dysfunction and exercise impairment in HCM.
  • This combined approach provides valuable data for clinical decision-making in HCM management.
  • The study highlights the utility of advanced echocardiographic and exercise testing techniques in characterizing HCM pathophysiology.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiopulmonary exercise testingExercise enduranceHypertrophic cardiomyopathyMyocardial work

More Related Videos

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise09:21

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise

Published on: August 25, 2022

3.8K
Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.4K

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
524
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
1.4K
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.5K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
2.0K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
4.5K
Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
760