[Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID)]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Gastroenterology
• Hepatology

Background:

• Liver cirrhosis is a multisystemic disease impacting the immune system.
• Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) involves complex immunological alterations.
• Portal hypertension and gut-liver axis disruption are key CAID mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the immunological alterations in liver cirrhosis, termed CAID.
• To elucidate the mechanisms underlying CAID development.
• To discuss therapeutic strategies for managing CAID.

Main Methods:

• Review of immunological alterations in liver cirrhosis.
• Analysis of mechanisms including portal hypertension and bacterial translocation.
• Evaluation of therapeutic approaches targeting CAID.

Main Results:

• CAID is characterized by systemic inflammation and immune deficiency.
• CAID's intensity varies with cirrhosis stage and complications like infections.
• CAID exacerbates infection risk and patient prognosis.

Conclusions:

• Reducing portal hypertension and bacterial translocation are potential CAID modulation strategies.
• Modulating immune cell function is another therapeutic avenue.
• Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for liver cirrhosis and CAID.