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[Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID)].

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    Liver cirrhosis causes immune dysfunction (CAID) through portal hypertension and gut-liver axis issues, increasing infection risk. Modulating portal hypertension and bacterial translocation may help manage CAID, but liver transplantation remains the only cure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Hepatology

    Background:

    • Liver cirrhosis is a multisystemic disease impacting the immune system.
    • Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) involves complex immunological alterations.
    • Portal hypertension and gut-liver axis disruption are key CAID mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the immunological alterations in liver cirrhosis, termed CAID.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying CAID development.
    • To discuss therapeutic strategies for managing CAID.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of immunological alterations in liver cirrhosis.
    • Analysis of mechanisms including portal hypertension and bacterial translocation.
    • Evaluation of therapeutic approaches targeting CAID.

    Main Results:

    • CAID is characterized by systemic inflammation and immune deficiency.
    • CAID's intensity varies with cirrhosis stage and complications like infections.
    • CAID exacerbates infection risk and patient prognosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Reducing portal hypertension and bacterial translocation are potential CAID modulation strategies.
    • Modulating immune cell function is another therapeutic avenue.
    • Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for liver cirrhosis and CAID.