The modified Zuojin formula (SQQT) associates ILC2-linked JAK-2/STAT5/c-Myc cascade and gastric metaplasia regression

The modified Zuojin formula (SQQT) has been clinically prescribed for gastric metaplasia (GM) for several decades in China. The therapeutic efficacy of SQQT and potential mechanisms have been demonstrated in our previous studies. This research will further investigate its mechanism in the immune microenvironment.

We aimed to determine the influence of SQQT on the ILC2-mediated JAK-2/STAT5/c-Myc pathway during GM.

The mechanism of GM in patients was measured through single-cell RNA sequencing. The constituents of SQQT have been examined before. The role of SQQT targets JAK-2/STAT5/c-Myc pathway was verified by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The model of GM was induced by tamoxifen (5 mg/20 g), CD90.2 protein (200 μg) or SQQT (1.69, 3.38, 6.76 g/kg) was given to treat GM mice. The SQQT mechanism was confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Histological analysis, serum cytokines, and protein levels were assessed.

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis indicated that ILC2 increased in the GM patients, the goblet cells in GM were probably transferred from endocrine cells. Compounds in SQQT are related to cell proliferation and can bind to the JAK-2/STAT5/c-Myc pathway proteins. The main components of SQQT, can spontaneously bind to the JAK-2 protein in 9 sites. Tamoxifen caused body weight decrease, spleen weight increase, stomach injury, ILC2 increase, and cytokines increase in the GM group. After examining the cytokines, IL-5 was the only one significantly increased in the GM group. CD90.2 and SQQT can alleviate histological changes of the stomach corpus, inflammation cytokines, and other GM-related indicators. Moreover, cell proliferation and JAK-2 pathway markers were depressed in GM mice. Besides, SQQT protects GES-1 cells from IL-5 injury related to upregulating JAK-2/STAT5/c-Myc proteins in 24h, 48h and 72h.

The mechanism of SQQT protected the stomach from metaplasia associated to ILC2 activation and the subsequent cell proliferation through IL-5/JAK-2/STAT5/c-Myc pathway.