[The consensus of genetic detection in multiple myeloma in China (2026)]

Genetic abnormalities are a cornerstone for prognostic assessment in multiple myeloma (MM) and form the basis of contemporary risk-stratification systems. In routine clinical practice, cytogenetic karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and next-generation sequencing should be performed in a standardized manner to identify high-risk patients and guide individualized therapy. With recent advances in genomic technologies, such as whole-genome sequencing and single-cell sequencing, our understanding of clonal evolution and genetic heterogeneity in MM has deepened. Meanwhile, the use of triplet and quadruplet combination regimens has altered the prognostic impact of certain genetic lesions, highlighting the need to update the existing risk frameworks. To standardize genetic testing for MM in China, the Multiple Myeloma Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) and Myeloma & Plasma Cell Disease Group, Hematology Oncology Committee of the China Anti-Cancer Association (CACA) have revised the 2019 consensus based on the latest evidence. This updated consensus focuses on refining the testing workflows, harmonizing the interpretation and reporting of high-risk genetic abnormalities, and discussing the incorporation of emerging molecular markers into risk stratification. This new consensus aims to promote standardized and precision-based MM care in China and improve the identification and management of high-risk patients.