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Workforce layoffs are linked to increased mortality risk, particularly for non-white men. Reducing job instability may help decrease racial health disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociomedical Sciences

Background:

  • Layoffs impact both laid-off workers and those who remain employed.
  • Short-term effects of remaining employed during layoffs include poorer mental health.
  • Long-term health consequences, such as mortality, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between layoff intensity and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
  • To examine these associations across different demographic groups (white men, non-white men, women).

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 9761 autoworkers from Michigan (1950-1980) was analyzed.
  • Layoff intensity was calculated as layoff months divided by employment duration.
  • Statistical models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality.

Main Results:

  • Layoff intensity was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality among non-white men (HR=1.35).
  • Increased risk of all cancer (HR=1.85) and lung cancer (HR=2.41) mortality was observed among non-white men with higher layoff intensity.
  • No significant associations were found for white men or women.

Conclusions:

  • Enduring layoffs while employed may contribute to premature mortality in non-white male workers.
  • Reducing workforce instability is a potential strategy to mitigate racial disparities in health outcomes.