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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
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Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of CRE Infection in the ICU.

Li Wang1, Jing Xu1, Lianxiang Li1

  • 1Office of Hospital Infection Management, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China.

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets
|February 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections in intensive care units (ICUs) are linked to higher illness severity, invasive procedures like tracheal intubation, and prior antibiotic use. Early identification and intervention are crucial for prevention.

Keywords:
Intensive care unitcarbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE)risk factorunmatched case-control study.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) present a significant clinical challenge due to rising prevalence.
  • Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly vulnerable to CRE infections.
  • Identifying specific risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze the risk factors associated with Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
  • To differentiate between risk and protective factors for CRE infection in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • An unmatched case-control study was conducted in a hospital setting.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, disease severity scores (APACHE-II, GCS), invasive procedures, and antibiotic history.
  • Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to determine risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Higher APACHE-II scores, tracheal intubation, and prior antibiotic use were identified as significant risk factors for CRE infection (ORs ranging from 2.425 to 3.459).
  • A higher Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was found to be a protective factor against CRE infection (OR=0.459).
  • Other potential risk factors included urinary catheterization, gastric tube insertion, and specific antibiotic classes.

Conclusions:

  • Patient clinical status (e.g., severity scores) and treatment regimens (e.g., invasive procedures, antibiotic exposure) are key determinants of CRE infection risk in ICUs.
  • Regular screening of high-risk ICU patients, robust antimicrobial stewardship, and minimizing invasive procedures are essential for controlling CRE.
  • Implementing these strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of CRE infections in critical care settings.