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Rest Assured: The Association of Structural, Functional Support, and Loneliness With Subjective Sleep Health.

Eva De Camargo¹, Stephanie Schindler², Andrea E Zülke³

¹Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Journal of Sleep Research

|February 10, 2026

Summary

Social support and loneliness impact sleep health in middle-aged adults. Functional support and friend networks are key predictors, with notable differences between genders and age groups.

Keywords:

German cohort PSQI functional support loneliness sleep disparity structural support

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Area of Science:

Social Sciences
Psychology
Public Health

Background:

Sleep health is influenced by social factors.
Understanding social support's role in sleep is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the relationship between social support (structural and functional) and loneliness with sleep health in middle-aged adults.
To investigate the influence of demographic and psychological factors on these relationships.

Main Methods:

Binary logistic regression analysis was used.
Data from 5388 middle-aged adults in Germany were analyzed.
Sleep health was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Main Results:

Functional support, friend network size, and loneliness significantly predicted sleep health.
Family network size was not a significant predictor.
Results varied by sex and age, with women and older adults showing different patterns.

Conclusions:

Distinguishing between structural and functional social support is important for sleep research and interventions.
Friend networks play a significant role in sleep health, particularly for men.
Future research should explore sex-by-age interactions and longitudinal effects of social support on sleep.