Factors affecting in-hospital mortality in hypotensive blunt trauma: a retrospective observational study

Blunt trauma is a major cause of mortality in the working-age population. Patients who develop hypotension shortly after an injury are at a particularly high risk of death. This nationwide study aimed to identify the factors associated with mortality in patients with hypotension after blunt trauma.

We analyzed nationwide data from the National Emergency Department Information System for patients aged 15 to 69 years who presented to regional or higher-level emergency medical centers between 2019 and 2023 after blunt trauma. Patients with an initial systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg and classified as high acuity (Korean Triage and Acuity Scale ≤3) were included.

Among the 2,713,014 trauma cases, 25,107 met the inclusion criteria, and 16,823 (67.0%) were male. Traffic accidents were the most common reason for injury (38.8%). Mortality was significantly associated with brain injury (hazard ratio, 1.906; 95% confidence interval, 1.661-2.186). The median time from emergency department visit to death was 45.0 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 9.0-188.0 hours), and non-survivors had a median hospital stay of 2.0 days (IQR, 0.0-8.0 days).

Most deaths following blunt trauma occurred within 48 hours of injury, with brain injury being strongly associated with mortality. However, the contribution of other injured body regions may not have been fully captured. These findings underscore the importance of early recognition and comprehensive management of patients with hypotensive blunt trauma.