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Recent physicochemical surface modification approaches to enhance triboelectric nanogenerator performance: materials,
Jong Jun Jung1, Hee Soo Jin1, Kang Hyeon Kim1
1Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea. haneol@jbnu.ac.kr.
Nanoscale
|February 10, 2026
Summary
Surface modifications enhance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for better energy harvesting. Tailored approaches improve charge density and stability in these crucial self-powered technologies.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Energy Harvesting Technologies
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) convert mechanical energy to electricity but face challenges in performance and stability.
- Limited charge density and inefficient charge transfer hinder TENG output.
- Surface modification is key to overcoming these limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review surface modification approaches for enhancing TENG performance.
- To categorize material systems and surface treatments for improved TENGs.
- To guide future research in high-performance, reliable TENG systems.
Main Methods:
- Categorization of key material systems and surface modifications (nano/micro-structuring, chemical functionalization, dielectric engineering, plasma treatments).
- Analysis of processing methodologies optimizing surface morphology and electronic properties.
- Exploration of practical implementations in wearable sensors, IoT, and flexible electronics.
Main Results:
- Tailored surface modifications significantly enhance charge generation and retention in TENGs.
- Optimized processing improves frictional interactions and charge trapping efficiency.
- Surface-engineered TENGs demonstrate superior device metrics (voltage, current density, efficiency).
Conclusions:
- Surface modification is a critical strategy for advancing TENG performance and reliability.
- These enhancements enable next-generation self-powered technologies.
- A comprehensive framework integrating materials, processing, and applications is provided.
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