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Risk Factors Associated With Placenta Previa: A Matched Case-Control Study.
Hadia Javed1, Ume Habiba1, Umm E Rubab2
1Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, PAK.
Cureus
|February 10, 2026
Summary
Advanced maternal age, previous C-sections, and prior placenta previa are key risk factors for placenta previa. Early identification of these risks aids in proactive management and improved outcomes for mother and baby.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Placenta previa, a pregnancy complication where the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment, is linked to significant maternal and perinatal risks.
- Antepartum hemorrhage is a primary sign, and unusual for it not to occur by the third trimester.
- Identifying risk factors is crucial for antenatal diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify specific risk factors for placenta previa within the local population.
- To stratify antenatal patients into high-risk and lower-risk groups for placenta previa.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study conducted in Abbottabad, Pakistan, over three months.
- Included 30 women diagnosed with placenta previa (case group) and 60 with normal placental localization (control group) via ultrasound after 32 weeks gestation.
- Data collected via predefined proforma; qualitative data analyzed using the Chi-square test (p<0.05 significant).
Main Results:
- Advanced maternal age (>30 years) showed significantly higher odds (OR 3.92).
- Previous Cesarean section (OR 6.00), dilatation and curettage (OR 5.20), and assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) (OR 3.80) were also significant risk factors.
- A history of placenta previa was the strongest predictor of recurrence (OR 11.0).
Conclusions:
- Key risk factors identified include advanced maternal age, previous Cesarean section, dilatation and curettage, ARTs, and prior placenta previa.
- Early identification of these factors enables clinicians to monitor high-risk women proactively.
- Individualized risk assessment and management are vital for improving maternal and fetal outcomes in placenta previa cases.
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