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Murine Model of Advanced Periodontitis Induced by Nylon Ligature in the Second Upper Molar
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Molar-Incisor and Generalized Grade C Periodontitis: Distinct Microbiome-Immune Interactions Suggest Divergent
Camila S Stolf1, Hélvis E S Paz1, Murilo C Paraluppi1
1Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Journal of Periodontal Research
|February 10, 2026
Summary
Generalized (PerioC-G) and Molar-Incisor (PerioC-MIP) Periodontitis Grade C exhibit distinct microbial and inflammatory profiles. These differences suggest unique etiopathogenesis and potential variations in disease progression or susceptibility patterns.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Microbiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Molar-Incisor (PerioC-MIP) and Generalized (PerioC-G) Grade C Periodontitis present unique clinical manifestations.
- Distinct etiopathogenesis may underlie these different periodontitis phenotypes.
- Understanding these differences is crucial for targeted treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To differentiate between PerioC-MIP and PerioC-G phenotypes.
- To analyze subgingival metagenomic profiles and inflammatory marker levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF).
- To investigate potential variations in the etiopathogenesis of these periodontitis forms.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional comparative study involving North American and Brazilian participants.
- Collection of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and Subgingival Biofilm (SB) from patients with PerioC-MIP, PerioC-G, and periodontally healthy controls.
- Immunoenzymatic analysis of GCF and shotgun metagenomics sequencing of SB for taxonomic and functional bacterial content.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in alpha- and beta-diversity of subgingival microbiota were observed between disease groups.
- Specific bacterial species like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus sanguinis were associated with PerioC-MIP.
- PerioC-G showed enrichment of Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and others, with enriched flagellar assembly function; PerioC-MIP was linked to Escherichia coli biofilm formation.
- PerioC-G exhibited higher GCF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 compared to PerioC-MIP.
Conclusions:
- PerioC-G and PerioC-MIP display distinct taxonomical profiles and GCF cytokine levels.
- These findings support the hypothesis that PerioC-G and PerioC-MIP represent different stages or susceptibility patterns of Periodontitis Grade C.
- Further research into these distinct phenotypes could lead to more personalized periodontitis treatments.
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