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Creating Tunable Low-Surface-Tension-Liquid Capsules via Impact-Driven Liquid-Liquid Encapsulation.

Tian-Yu Zhang1, Arnav Banerjee1, Sushanta K Mitra1

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This study advances impact-driven liquid-liquid encapsulation (LLE) for low-surface-tension droplets. Researchers achieved reliable encapsulation of droplets with surface tension as low as 16 mN/m, identifying key parameters for control.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Encapsulation of low-surface-tension droplets is crucial for pharmaceuticals, environmental engineering, and thermal management.
  • Impact-driven liquid-liquid encapsulation (LLE) is a promising but underexplored technique for droplet encapsulation.
  • Controlled encapsulation of low-surface-tension droplets using impact-driven LLE has not been fundamentally investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advance the ultrafast impact-driven LLE technique for the controlled encapsulation of low-surface-tension droplets.
  • To experimentally investigate the fundamental mechanisms and parameters governing this encapsulation process.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental demonstration of ultrafast impact-driven liquid-liquid encapsulation (LLE).
  • Utilized FC-40 droplets (surface tension as low as 16 mN/m) with varying impact diameters (1.79–1.26 mm).
  • Employed an ultrathin silicone oil interfacial (shell) layer and analyzed encapsulation regimes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully encapsulated low-surface-tension FC-40 droplets within milliseconds.
  • Identified three encapsulation regimes: interfacial trapping, penetration with air bubble, and penetration without air bubble.
  • Demonstrated precise control over capsule morphology and size distribution by adjusting impact kinetic energy and interfacial layer thickness.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a fundamental understanding of impact-driven LLE for low-surface-tension droplets.
  • Thicker interfacial layers promote air-bubble-free capsules.
  • Offers valuable insights for efficient and cost-effective production of functional capsules in various applications.