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Identity Development for LGBTQIA+ Autistic Adults in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study.
Elizabeth K Schmidt1, Jess Bauzá de García2, Sage Michaud Espinosa3
1Elizabeth K. Schmidt, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor and Director of Research, Department of Occupational Therapy, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN; elizabeth.schmidt@lmunet.edu.
Summary
Positive identity development for LGBTQIA+ autistic adults is crucial for mental health. Support through community connection, accessible resources, and safe exploration fosters self-acceptance and pride in their diverse identities.
Area of Science:
- Neurodiversity studies
- Gender and sexuality research
- Mental health and identity development
Background:
- Development of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, and other gender and sexual minority (LGBTQIA+) identities and a disability identity is critical for positive mental health outcomes for LGBTQIA+ autistic individuals.
- Understanding identity development is key for supporting LGBTQIA+ autistic adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To understand identity development among LGBTQIA+ autistic adults.
- To evaluate the resonance of support strategies within this population.
Main Methods:
- A sequential mixed-methods, participatory approach was employed.
- Qualitative phase included semistructured interviews and focus groups (N=57).
- Quantitative phase involved a survey (N=107) to confirm qualitative findings.
Main Results:
- Participants identified exposure, research, trial-and-error, and external support as key to identity development.
- Positive experiences led to narrative gain, relief, and pride.
- Negative experiences prompted a journey toward self-acceptance.
Conclusions:
- Occupational therapy practitioners can foster identity development by connecting LGBTQIA+ autistic individuals.
- Providing accessible sexual health education and resources supports personal research.
- Creating safe spaces for exploration enhances self-acceptance and mental well-being.
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