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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry
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Methionine-specific nonreversible bioconjugation: Advancing precision protein modification.

Shirui Wang1,2, Zhenguo Zhang1,2, Raymond Tio2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new methionine-selective bioconjugation method using activated allylic bromides. This approach enhances conjugate stability and enables precise protein labeling for chemical biology research.

Keywords:
activated allylic bromidelate-stage modificationmethionine bioconjugationmethionine specificitymild conditions

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Methionine bioconjugation is crucial for protein modification.
  • Existing methods face challenges with stability and nonspecific reactivity.
  • A need exists for robust and selective methionine labeling strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, nonreversible bioconjugation strategy selective for methionine.
  • To improve conjugate stability and reduce nonspecific reactions compared to conventional methods.
  • To demonstrate applications in covalent inhibitor design and protein functionalization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized activated allylic bromides under mild, aqueous conditions.
  • Applied the strategy to various peptides and proteins.
  • Evaluated conjugate stability and specificity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved methionine-preferred labeling of peptides and proteins.
  • Demonstrated improved conjugate stability.
  • Suppressed nonspecific reactivity under reaction conditions.
  • Showcased proof-of-concept for covalent inhibitor design and protein functionalization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy offers a robust and selective method for methionine bioconjugation.
  • This chemistry expands the available tools for protein modification in chemical biology.
  • The approach is compatible with peptides and proteins under mild, aqueous conditions.