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Entropy-Based Analysis of Rowing Technique: Stroke-Rate Effects and Performance Implications.
Yang Gao1, Xiaobin Wei1, Xiaoping Chen2
1School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China.
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|February 10, 2026
Summary
Elite rowers adapt movement variability (MV) with stroke rate to maintain power. Higher MV in handle acceleration and joint angles at lower stroke rates correlates with better rowing performance.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Human Movement Analysis
Background:
- Movement variability (MV) is crucial for adapting to different physical demands.
- Understanding MV's role in rowing technique is essential for performance optimization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how varying stroke rates influence movement variability in elite rowers.
- To determine the relationship between movement variability and rowing performance.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-one elite male rowers performed rowing bouts at 20, 26, and 34 strokes per minute (spm).
- Inertial sensors measured acceleration and joint angles to quantify MV using Sample Entropy.
- A 2000-m time trial assessed overall rowing performance.
Main Results:
- Increased stroke rate significantly elevated movement variability across various measures, including handle acceleration and multiple joint angles.
- The hip joint consistently showed higher Sample Entropy (variability) compared to other joints.
- Greater variability in handle acceleration and knee/elbow angles at lower stroke rates (20 and 26 spm) was associated with improved ergometer performance.
Conclusions:
- Stroke rate is a key factor in modulating movement variability and technique in elite rowers.
- Higher stroke rates necessitate greater movement adaptation to sustain stroke power.
- Entropy measures offer a valuable method for assessing and enhancing rowing performance.
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