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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
Published on: May 22, 2019
A comprehensive review on the storage stability of extracellular vesicles for clinical translation: Current status,
Hai Huang1, Wenjie Xu1, Xinyan Hao1
1Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, 410011 Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China.
Abstract:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now seen as powerful tools for next-generation diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, and cell-free therapies. Their clinical application, however, is constrained by storage challenges-the preservation process compromises their structure and activity. This review summarizes current methods for preserving EVs, including cryopreservation, spray-drying, and freeze-drying. It also discusses how suboptimal storage conditions affect the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of EVs, including membrane integrity, cargo stability, biological activity, immunogenicity, and recovery efficiency. This review adopts an application-oriented approach, highlighting the distinct stability requirements for EVs serving as diagnostic markers, delivery vehicles, or therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it also evaluated new optimization strategies, such as a reasonable cryopreservation protective agent formulation, an improved buffer solution formulation, reduced adsorption storage materials, and advanced material-based stable technologies. Finally, this review outlines the future directions, emphasizing the need to adopt standardized and scalable preservation methods that are oriented towards EV clinical applications, to accelerate the transition of EV-based technologies from the laboratory to clinical practice.
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