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Updated: Feb 12, 2026
Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
Published on: October 18, 2021
Comparison of the accuracy and effectiveness of two robotic surgical techniques for zygomatic implant placement: an
Changjian Li1, Yinxia Sun2, Yan Wu2
1College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Objective:
To assess the accuracy and effectiveness of the robotic two-stage hybrid technique for zygomatic implantation in vitro.
Methods:
Sixty zygomatic implants were randomly allocated to two groups and placed into three-dimensionally printed resin models. In the experimental group, a two-stage hybrid technique for zygomatic implants was applied. This method comprised two sequential robotic stages: autonomous drilling of the alveolar bone region (first stage), followed by passive drilling of the extra-alveolar region (second stage). In the control group, the conventional drilling technique was used. By combining preoperative planning with postoperative cone-beam computed tomography, the deviations in coronal, apical, and angular aspects were measured. Total drilling time was also recorded and analyzed.
Results:
The coronal deviation, apical deviation, angular deviation, and total drilling time of the robotic two-stage hybrid technique were 0.99 (0.62, 1.56) mm, 1.28 (0.95, 1.84) mm, 1.24 (0.65, 1.62) °, and 206.07 s ± 14.93 s, respectively. The coronal deviation was more notable in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the apical and angular deviations (P > 0.05). Total drilling time of the robotic two-stage hybrid technique was significantly shorter than that of the traditional drilling technique (P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
The accuracy of the two-stage hybrid technique is slightly lower than that of the conventional drilling technique. However, it significantly shortens the total drilling time of zygomatic implantation.
Clinical Significance:
The two-stage hybrid technique enhances surgical flexibility and reduces drilling time for zygomatic implantation.
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Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measured value to the true or actual value. In engineering mechanics, repeated measurements are taken during theoretical or experimental analyses to ensure that the result is precise and accurate.
The accuracy of any solution is based on the...