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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
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Alternative pathways into the deep sea: patterns in Bivalvia.

Ava Ghezelayagh1,2, Stewart M Edie3, David Jablonski1

  • 1Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|February 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Few animal groups colonize the deep sea. This study reveals that evolutionary pathways to deep-sea endemicity often involve multiple independent colonization events rather than single-source diversification.

Keywords:
Bivalviabiogeographydeep seadiversificationevolutionary pathwaysfossil recordmarine biodiversityphylogenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Deep-Sea Ecology

Background:

  • The deep sea is a challenging environment with limited species colonization.
  • Two primary models explain deep-sea colonization: piecemeal (multiple entries) and in situ diversification (single entry with subsequent proliferation).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze evolutionary pathways of deep-sea colonization in Bivalvia, specifically Mytilidae and Lucinidae.
  • To compare the prevalence of piecemeal versus in situ diversification models in deep-sea colonization.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular phylogenies were inferred for Mytilidae and Lucinidae.
  • Bathymetric ranges of species were mapped onto the phylogenies.
  • Evolutionary histories of deep-sea endemic species were reconstructed.

Main Results:

  • Deep-sea endemics in Lucinidae primarily originated through a piecemeal model, with an estimated 16 independent entries.
  • Mytilidae showed a mixed pattern, with four entries, but most endemics derived from in situ diversification within Bathymodiolinae.
  • Less than half of extant bivalve families possess deep-sea endemics, with the piecemeal model being more common.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple, independent colonization events (piecemeal model) are a more frequent driver of deep-sea endemicity across Bivalvia than in situ diversification.
  • Ancestral feeding modes may influence the contrasting colonization and diversification patterns observed between Mytilidae and Lucinidae.