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Published on: July 27, 2022
Fabrication of Biphasic Hydroxyapatite/Calcium Sulfate Blocks via Hydrothermal Partial Phase Transformation for Bone
Sunarso Sunarso1, Gita Andani Pradana2, Syifaa Sagakirana2
1Department of Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Objective:
This article aims to fabricate, characterize, and evaluate the mechanical strength and cytotoxicity of biphasic hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate (HA/CS) blocks using partial hydrothermal conversion of gypsum blocks.
Materials And Methods:
Gypsum blocks were immersed in Na3PO4 solution under hydrothermal conditions at 150 °C for 6, 12, and 24 hours, denoted as 6-HA/CS, 12-HA/CS, and 24-HA/CS, respectively. After that, the phase composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Diametral tensile strength (DTS), solubility in Tris-HCl buffer, and cytotoxicity on cell cultures were measured.
Results:
Hydrothermal treatment produced biphasic HA/CS with increasing hydroxyapatite content. All HA/CS groups exhibited a significant reduction in DTS (∼0.5-0.7 MPa) compared with gypsum (2.06 MPa; p < 0.05). Solubility was lower in HA/CS than in gypsum (206.15 mg/L), with the 24-HA/CS group showing the lowest value (94.70 mg/L). Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated cell viability above 70% for all groups, meeting ISO standards of non-cytotoxicity.
Conclusion:
Partial hydrothermal conversion of gypsum block successfully produced biphasic HA/CS with tunable phase composition, reduced solubility, and acceptable cytotoxicity.
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