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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

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The association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and neurodevelopmental disorders

D Alex Rueff1, Jerica Gee2, Amy Ruddy-Humphries2

  • 1Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA. david.rueff@ochsner.org.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|February 10, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Infants with more severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) face a higher risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This highlights the importance of monitoring BPD severity for potential developmental issues.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm infants, linked to impaired cognitive outcomes.
  • The specific relationship between the severity of BPD and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between increasing severity of BPD and the risk of developing NDD in preterm infants.
  • To identify potential risk factors contributing to NDD in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 650 infants born before 32 weeks gestation and with birth weight under 1500g was analyzed.
  • BPD severity was categorized based on respiratory support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.
  • Logistic regression models assessed the link between BPD severity and a composite NDD outcome, controlling for confounders.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between increased BPD severity and a higher risk of NDD (p < 0.01).
  • BPD severity remained a significant predictor of NDD even after adjusting for other factors (p = 0.037).
  • Tracheostomy emerged as a notable risk factor for NDD (p = 0.004).

Conclusions:

  • The severity of BPD in preterm infants is a critical indicator for increased risk of future neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Clinical suspicion for NDD should be heightened in infants with more severe BPD.
  • Further research into interventions targeting BPD severity may mitigate NDD risks.
Abstract

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