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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Microstructural brain changes in Buerger's disease and smokers: a case-control study using diffusion tensor imaging.

Ali Asghar Asadollahi Shahir¹, Mohammad Hadi Gharib^2,3, Maryam Shahali Ramsheh⁴

¹National Center for Health Insurance Research, Tehran, Iran.

BMC Medical Imaging

|February 10, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) patients exhibit distinct brain microstructural changes, particularly in white matter tracts, compared to healthy smokers and controls. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveals potential neurological impacts of TAO and smoking habits.

Keywords:

Diffusion tensor imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Smoking Thromboangiitis obliterans Tractography

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neurology
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO), also known as Buerger's disease, is a vascular disorder strongly associated with smoking.
The neurological implications of TAO beyond peripheral vascular effects are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate microstructural brain changes in patients with TAO using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
To compare brain tract integrity in TAO patients, healthy smokers, and non-smoking controls.
To identify potential neurological consequences of TAO and smoking habits.

Main Methods:

A case-control study involving 50 participants (TAO patients, healthy smokers, non-smoking controls) aged 27-56.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with DTI was used to assess 21 brain tracts.
Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured to evaluate white matter integrity.

Main Results:

Significant differences in white matter tract integrity were found among the groups.
TAO patients had lower FA values in the minor forceps compared to healthy smokers.
TAO patients showed higher ADC values across multiple tracts, including the forceps, corticospinal tracts, fornix, and arcuate fasciculus, compared to both healthy smokers and controls.

Conclusions:

TAO is associated with distinct alterations in brain white matter microstructure.
DTI is a valuable tool for detecting smoking-related neurological complications and understanding TAO's impact on the brain.
Findings suggest potential neurological consequences of TAO and smoking beyond peripheral vascular damage.