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Cysteine-Mediated Root Sequestration and Metabolic Reprogramming Alleviate Cadmium Toxicity in Chinese Cabbage.

Longcheng Li^1,2, Xuexian Li¹, Qiuguo Zhang³

¹College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment

|February 10, 2026

Summary

Exogenous cysteine (Cys) application reduces cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Chinese cabbage shoots. Cys enhances root Cd sequestration and limits its translocation, improving crop safety and productivity.

Keywords:

Chinese cabbage cadmium detoxification cysteine metabolic flux redirection root sequestration time‐series transcriptomic

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Environmental Science
Agricultural Science

Background:

Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a significant threat to crop yield and food safety.
The role of cysteine (Cys) in mitigating Cd toxicity in Chinese cabbage requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the regulatory role of exogenous cysteine in alleviating cadmium toxicity in Chinese cabbage.
To understand the mechanisms by which cysteine enhances cadmium detoxification and reduces its accumulation in edible parts.

Main Methods:

Application of exogenous cysteine to Chinese cabbage plants exposed to cadmium.
Measurement of biomass, root vigor, photosynthetic parameters, and cadmium concentrations in different plant tissues and xylem sap.
Analysis of gene expression related to cadmium transport and detoxification pathways (e.g., BraIRT1, BraHMA2, BraABCC1/2, BraPCS1).
Assessment of glutathione (GSH) metabolism and transcriptomic profiling.

Main Results:

Cysteine application significantly restored plant biomass, root elongation, and photosynthetic performance.
Cysteine enhanced cadmium sequestration in roots, reducing translocation to shoots by up to 44.6% and decreasing xylem sap Cd concentration by 42.0%.
Cysteine modulated gene expression (repressing BraIRT1 and BraHMA2, up-regulating BraABCC1/2 and BraPCS1), increased glutathione and phytochelatin content, and improved redox homeostasis.
Transcriptomics revealed attenuated sulfate assimilation, enhanced GSH regeneration, and a metabolic shift towards phenylpropanoid detoxification.

Conclusions:

Exogenous cysteine effectively alleviates cadmium toxicity in Chinese cabbage by enhancing root cadmium retention and limiting long-distance transport.
Cysteine strengthens cellular detoxification mechanisms, including vacuolar sequestration and glutathione-mediated pathways, while rebalancing plant metabolism.
Cysteine represents a viable strategy for reducing cadmium accumulation in leafy vegetables, thereby improving food safety.