Tropical infectious diseases and skin manifestations: a diagnostic framework

Cutaneous manifestations of tropical and subtropical infections represent a significant clinical and public health concern, affecting both populations in endemic regions and international travelers with significant socioeconomic burden and social stigma. In light of contemporary climate change, increased human mobility and urbanization, these infections have increased in incidence and gained a broader geographical distribution.Nevertheless, achieving a diagnosis remains challenging due to overlapping clinical presentations, often limited access to advanced diagnostic tools, and a lack of experience among clinicians in nonendemic regions.

This narrative review outlines a pragmatic diagnostic flowchart based on the most common cutaneous manifestations of tropical infections, offering clinicians a practical tool to recognize lesions and to select the most appropriate investigations to support the diagnostic process.

Tropical cutaneous infections still represent an expanding global challenge, and early recognition is essential to mitigate morbidity. This review seeks to enhance diagnostic confidence and improve clinical management primarily in nonendemic settings.