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Characteristics of cognitive disengagement syndrome in children diagnosed with tic disorder
Ezgi Karagöz Tanıgör1, Gonca Özyurt2, Burçin Şeyda Karaca3
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Katip Çelebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
Insights
Children with tic disorders show more cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms, including sleepiness and emotional difficulties, compared to healthy peers. This study is the first to explore this link.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Child Psychology
- Clinical Psychiatry
Background:
- Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is characterized by difficulties in maintaining attention and motivation.
- Tic disorders are neurological conditions affecting children and adolescents, often co-occurring with other behavioral and emotional issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of CDS in children and adolescents diagnosed with tic disorders.
- To compare CDS symptoms between children with tic disorders and healthy controls.
- To explore the relationship between tic disorder severity, CDS symptoms, and emotional/behavioral difficulties.
Main Methods:
- Seventy-one participants (35 with tic disorder, 36 healthy controls) aged [specify age range if available] were assessed.
- Utilized validated scales: Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Slow Cognitive Tempo Scale (CABI-SCT), Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-CV), Conners's Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS), and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS).
- Statistical analyses included group comparisons and correlation analyses.
Main Results:
- Children with tic disorder exhibited significantly higher scores on PDSS, CABI-SCT, RCADS-CV, and CPRS-RS compared to healthy controls (p < .05).
- A significant correlation was found between tic severity (YGTSS) and emotional symptoms (RCADS-CV), as well as the Conners ADHD index (p < .05).
- CDS symptoms were more prominent in the tic disorder group, associated with increased daytime sleepiness, emotional distress, and behavioral problems.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive disengagement syndrome is more prevalent in children and adolescents with tic disorders.
- The presence of CDS in tic disorder is linked to heightened emotional symptoms, behavioral challenges, and daytime sleepiness.
- This research is the first to establish a connection between tic disorders and CDS, highlighting the need for integrated assessment and treatment approaches.
Abstract:
The study aimed to examine the characteristics of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) in children diagnosed with tic disorders and to compare them with healthy controls. Seventy-one children (35 with tic disorder, 36 healthy controls) and adolescents were assessed using the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Slow Cognitive Tempo Scale (CABI-SCT), Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-CV), Conners's Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS), and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). The tic disorder group was compared with the healthy control group, and differences were found in the PDSS, CABI-SCT, RCADS-CV, and CPRS-RS scores (p < .05). Additionally, the YGTSS and the RCADS-CV total anxiety and depression scores were correlated, as well as the Conners ADHD index (p < .05). The findings indicate that CDS symptoms are more prominent in children and adolescents with tic disorder and are accompanied by increased emotional symptoms, behavioral difficulties, and daytime sleepiness. To our knowledge, this study contributes to the literature by being the first to investigate the relationship between tic disorder and CDS symptoms.
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