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Odor tracking in insects: a multisensory behavior.

Shuchita Soman1, Sree Subha Ramaswamy1,2, Sanjay P Sane1

  • 1National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|February 11, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insects use complex odor tracking for survival, integrating multiple senses to navigate air and ground environments. Environmental changes like pollution threaten these vital behaviors.

Keywords:
Air pollutionAirborne odor plumesArtificial light at night (ALAN)Ground-based odor trailsSensory noise

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Area of Science:

  • Insect sensory ecology
  • Olfactory behavior
  • Multisensory integration

Background:

  • Insects utilize sophisticated odor-tracking for locating mates, food, and trails in 2D and 3D environments.
  • Odor-tracking relies on integrating multisensory information, drawing from odor transport physics, chemistry, and sensory ecology.
  • Airborne plumes and ground trails present distinct challenges, necessitating different insect navigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review insect behavioral strategies for odor tracking in air and on the ground.
  • To highlight the role of multisensory integration in insect olfaction.
  • To examine the impact of sensory noise and environmental disruptions on insect odor-mediated behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of behavioral strategies across diverse insect taxa.
  • Analysis of experimental approaches in laboratory and field settings.
  • Comparative studies on diurnal versus nocturnal tracking and sensory prioritization.

Main Results:

  • Insects employ distinct strategies for airborne and ground-based odor tracking, influenced by odorant properties.
  • Multisensory integration, including chemosensory, visual, and mechanosensory inputs, is crucial for successful odor source identification.
  • Sensory noise and anthropogenic changes, such as light pollution and air pollution, impair essential insect behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Insect odor tracking is a complex behavior relying on integrated sensory information.
  • Adaptive neural mechanisms enable sensory prioritization based on ecological context.
  • Anthropogenic environmental changes pose significant threats to insect olfaction-dependent behaviors like foraging and mating.