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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: High-Resolution 4D Light-Sheet Imaging and Virtual Reality in Zebrafish for Single-Cell Analysis of Heart Function
Published on: January 5, 2024
Streamlining 4D Cardiac Image Workflows: Open-Source Tools for Segmentation, Registration, and Visualization
Jilei Hao1, Paul A Yushkevich1, Ningjun J Dong1
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA.
Abstract:
4D cardiac imaging offers impactful insights into structural heart dynamics. However, analyzing 4D data using conventional 3D software tools requires additional effort. This paper introduces three natively 4D-optimized software applications we have developed: ITK-SNAP 4 for 4D image I/O, visualization, and segmentation; Greedy Propagation for intra-series registration and creation of 4D segmentation from sparse 3D segmentations; and Scherzo for fast web-based 4D model generation and visualization. These open-source tools provide a streamlined user experience, comprehensive features, and broad file type support including common 4D cardiac image formats. Experiments on core features demonstrate feasibility and consistency.
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