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Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Pediatric Kidney Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Mahboube Bahroudi1, Mastaneh Moghtaderi1
1Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Insights
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy shows promise for pediatric kidney diseases, improving renal function through immunomodulation and regeneration. Further research is needed to optimize cell sources and protocols for long-term safety and efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Regenerative Medicine
- Stem Cell Therapy
Background:
- Pediatric kidney diseases pose significant health challenges, impacting quality of life.
- Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy offers a promising therapeutic avenue for these conditions.
- This review synthesizes current evidence on MSC applications in pediatric nephrology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the current evidence on Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for pediatric kidney disorders.
- To focus on the mechanisms, delivery methods, and outcomes of MSC therapy in pediatric nephrology.
- To compare pediatric and adult applications of MSC therapy.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of preclinical and clinical studies on MSC therapy.
- Inclusion of studies on pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), glomerular disorders, and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT).
- Comparative analysis between pediatric and adult MSC therapy applications.
Main Results:
- MSCs promote kidney repair via immunomodulation, regeneration, anti-fibrosis, and paracrine effects.
- Intravenous delivery shows lower kidney targeting (2-5%) compared to local infusion (10-20%).
- Clinical studies demonstrate improved renal function, including decreased creatinine in AKI and reduced proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome.
Conclusions:
- MSC therapy exhibits promising safety and efficacy for pediatric kidney disorders.
- Challenges include optimizing cell sources, standardizing protocols, and ensuring long-term safety.
- Future research should prioritize pediatric-specific models, biomarkers, and protocol standardization.
Background:
Kidney diseases in children present significant health challenges, often leading to complications and reduced quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy shows promise for pediatric kidney disorders. This review evaluates current evidence on MSC applications in pediatric nephrology, focusing on mechanisms, delivery methods, and outcomes.
Methods:
We analyzed preclinical and clinical studies of MSC therapy for pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), glomerular disorders, and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT), comparing pediatric and adult applications.
Results:
MSCs exert therapeutic effects through immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, anti-fibrotic activity, and paracrine mechanisms. Different sources (bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose) show varying efficacy. Delivery methods significantly impact outcomes: intravenous administration is well-tolerated but limited (2%-5% kidney delivery), while local infusion enhances targeting (10%-20%). Clinical studies show improved renal function: decreased creatinine in AKI, reduced albumin-to-creatinine ratio in CKD, and decreased proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome. Pediatric applications differ from adult ones in disease etiology, physiological considerations, therapeutic goals, and safety requirements.
Conclusion:
MSC therapy shows promising potential for pediatric kidney disorders, with preliminary evidence supporting safety and efficacy. Challenges remain in optimizing cell sources, standardizing protocols, and establishing long-term safety. Future research should focus on biomarker identification, pediatric-specific models, and protocol standardization.
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