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Recent advances in solvent effects for biomass-derived platform molecule conversion: experimental and theoretical
Minghua Dong1,2, Xiaomeng Cheng1,3, Huizhen Liu1,4
1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. liuhz@iccas.ac.cn.
Chemical Society Reviews
|February 11, 2026
Summary
Solvent choice is crucial for efficient biomass conversion, impacting catalyst performance and reaction pathways. Understanding these solvent effects is key to optimizing sustainable fuel and chemical production.
Area of Science:
- Catalysis
- Green Chemistry
- Biomass Conversion
Background:
- Liquid-phase catalytic processes are vital for upgrading nonvolatile and thermally sensitive biomass intermediates.
- Solvent choice and its interactions with catalysts and substrates significantly influence reaction outcomes.
- Unraveling solvent effects in heterogeneous catalysis is complex due to the solid-liquid interface and dynamic interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review how solvent selection and molecular interactions dictate reaction pathways in biomass conversion.
- To highlight the role of the solvent environment in altering reactant adsorption and transition states.
- To explore how solvents can actively participate in catalytic reactions.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on solvent effects in biomass conversion.
- Examination of advanced characterization techniques.
- Analysis of computational modeling tools for mechanistic insights.
Main Results:
- Solvent environments significantly alter reactant adsorption and transition states on catalyst surfaces.
- Solvents can directly participate in biomass conversion reactions.
- Advanced characterization and modeling provide new mechanistic insights into solvent-mediated processes.
Conclusions:
- Solvent effects are pivotal in optimizing biomass valorization.
- Understanding solvent-mediated mechanisms is essential for developing sustainable catalytic processes.
- Future research should focus on leveraging solvent properties for enhanced biomass upgrading.
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