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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
Published on: September 25, 2013
A man in his 60s with immunodeficiency and hepatitis
Caroline Hvitmyhr1, Kristin Fjeldstad Enga2, Joakim Øverbø3
1Medisinsk avdeling, Ringerike sykehus, Vestre Viken.
Background:
Major causes of elevated liver enzymes are toxic, infectious, neoplastic and autoimmune disease. In immunocompromised patients, the spectrum of infectious pathogens causing hepatitis is broader and the immune response is blunted, making diagnosis more challenging.
Case Presentation:
A man in his sixties had received CAR-T therapy for multiple myeloma.
Interpretation:
The increasing number of immunocompromised patients means that more patients are at risk of developing chronic hepatitis E. Serologic tests may be unreliable for this patient population, and nucleic acid testing for HEV RNA should be the primary diagnostic approach. HEV can be contracted in Norway, and hepatitis E is an underdiagnosed infection.
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