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A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
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Introduction to z Scores01:05

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A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Turbidimetry on Human Washed Platelets: The Effect of the Pannexin1-inhibitor Brilliant Blue FCF on Collagen-induced Aggregation
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Evaluation of Collagen-Induced Platelet Aggregation Level Score Using an Automated Coagulation Analyzer.

Keisuke Kitano, Tasuku Sakayori, Yukari Tsuboi

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    A new parameter, collagen-induced platelet aggregation level (CPAL), shows promise for monitoring antiplatelet therapy effects. CPAL correlates well with arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation but not with VerifyNow aspirin reaction units.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Light-transmission aggregometry (LTA) is the standard for platelet function assessment but is time-consuming and lacks standardization.
    • Automated and consistent methods are needed to monitor platelet function, especially for antiplatelet drug efficacy.
    • A new parameter, collagen-induced platelet aggregation level (CPAL), was developed for automated coagulation analyzers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a new parameter, CPAL, for assessing platelet aggregation.
    • To compare CPAL performance against established methods like arachidonic acid-induced maximum aggregation rate (AA-MA) and VerifyNow aspirin reaction units (ARU).
    • To assess CPAL's utility in monitoring antiplatelet therapy.

    Main Methods:

    • CPAL was implemented on an automated coagulation analyzer, scoring 0.0-10.0 based on platelet aggregation patterns with collagen (1.0 and 5.0 µg/mL).
    • Within-run precision was assessed using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from healthy volunteers and aspirin-spiked PRP.
    • Dose-response effects of aspirin and comparative studies with 62 patient PRP samples were conducted.

    Main Results:

    • CPAL demonstrated within-run precision with a coefficient of variation under 5%.
    • Aspirin concentration influenced CPAL in a dose-dependent manner.
    • CPAL showed a significant correlation with AA-MA (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) but a weak correlation with ARU (r = 0.17, p = 0.179).

    Conclusions:

    • CPAL exhibits acceptable performance as a new platelet aggregation scoring system.
    • CPAL demonstrates good correlation with AA-MA, suggesting its potential for monitoring aspirin's effects.
    • CPAL's lack of correlation with ARU indicates it may offer different information compared to VerifyNow, potentially due to sensitivity to aspirin concentration variations.