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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams02:39

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Crystal Engineering of Reticular Materials for Gas- and Liquid-Phase Hydrocarbon Separation.

Xia Li1,2, Soumya Mukherjee2, Michael J Zaworotko2

  • 1College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
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Crystal engineering and reticular chemistry enable advanced porous materials for hydrocarbon separations. These new materials offer high selectivity and lower energy use compared to traditional methods, though commercialization faces challenges.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Crystal engineering and reticular chemistry are key to designing advanced materials.
  • Porous coordination networks (PCNs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer modularity for precise tuning of pore size and chemistry.
  • Current hydrocarbon separation methods are energy-intensive and unsustainable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of crystal engineering and reticular chemistry in developing novel physisorbents for hydrocarbon separations.
  • To highlight the structure/function relationships in PCNs and COFs for improved separation performance.
  • To discuss the potential of these materials as sustainable alternatives to current separation technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic studies of structure/function relationships in PCNs and COFs.
  • Utilizing crystal engineering strategies for precise control over pore characteristics.
  • Developing new generations of physisorbents based on reticular chemistry principles.

Main Results:

  • Exquisite control over pore size and chemistry in PCNs and COFs enables highly selective hydrocarbon separations.
  • Reticular sorbents demonstrate unprecedented selectivity for hydrocarbon impurities.
  • Physisorbents offer high selectivity and lower recycling energy compared to conventional methods.

Conclusions:

  • Crystal engineering and reticular chemistry provide powerful tools for designing advanced porous materials.
  • These materials show significant promise for sustainable and energy-efficient hydrocarbon separations.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges for commercial adoption of these novel sorbents.