Laser-Induced Graphene Enabled Highly Sensitive Lumpy Skin Disease Detection and Vaccine Validation

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Diagnostics
• Biosensor Technology
• Livestock Disease Surveillance

Background:

• Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a contagious viral threat to livestock with significant economic impact.
• Current diagnostic methods for LSD and vaccine efficacy monitoring are laboratory-dependent and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based electrochemical immunoassay for sensitive LSD detection.
• To validate the platform for assessing vaccination status in cattle.
• To provide a rapid, point-of-care diagnostic tool for Lumpy Skin Disease.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a dual-application LIG electrochemical biosensor using recombinant F13L antigen and IgM antibodies.
• Quantification of F13L antigen and detection of anti-LSD IgM antibodies.
• Performance evaluation using standard curves and pilot clinical validation with bovine sera.

Main Results:

• The biosensor achieved high sensitivity and a broad linear dynamic range for both F13L antigen and IgM antibody detection.
• Pilot clinical validation demonstrated preliminary high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (100%), correlating well with ELISA.
• The platform offers a 10-minute readout time and good storage stability, indicating field feasibility.

Conclusions:

• The LIG-based electrochemical immunoassay is a feasible platform for sensitive, point-of-care detection of Lumpy Skin Disease.
• The biosensor can effectively support LSD surveillance and vaccination assessment in livestock.
• Further validation with larger, diverse cohorts is recommended for generalizable performance.