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Dietary diversity among Sundarbans forest-dependent communities: Prevalence, determinants, and livelihood
Md Tanvir Hossain1, Tunvir Ahamed Shohel1, Md Nasif Ahsan2
1Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
Plos One
|February 11, 2026
Summary
Dietary diversity in Sundarbans mangrove forest resource-dependent communities (SMFRDCs) is influenced by education, multiple occupations, and assets. Vulnerability and food insecurity negatively impact diets, necessitating tailored strategies for improved nutrition.
Area of Science:
- Ecology and Environmental Science
- Public Health and Nutrition
- Socioeconomics
Background:
- Sundarbans mangrove forest resources support livelihoods for communities in Bangladesh and India.
- The impact of the Sundarbans on household dietary diversity for dependent communities remains understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence and determinants of dietary diversity among Sundarbans mangrove forest resource-dependent communities (SMFRDCs).
- To apply the Sustainable Livelihood Approach to understand factors influencing dietary diversity.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional survey conducted in three coastal districts of Bangladesh (Khulna, Satkhira, Bagerhat).
- Structured interviews with 782 households selected via multistage stratified random sampling in 2023.
- Statistical analyses including one-sample binomial test and binary logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Honey collectors and households in Shyamnagar Upazila exhibited higher dietary diversity.
- Higher education and multiple seasonal occupations were positively associated with diversified diets.
- Household assets and livelihood capitals (social, natural, financial, political) positively correlated with dietary diversity, while human and physical capital showed negative associations. Physical vulnerability and food insecurity negatively impacted dietary diversity.
Conclusions:
- Context-specific strategies promoting alternative livelihoods (e.g., climate-smart agriculture), local food consumption awareness, and food assistance programs are crucial for sustainable, protein-enriched diets.
- Addressing vulnerability, assets, policies, and livelihood strategies within the Sustainable Livelihood Approach framework is essential for improving dietary diversity and well-being in coastal Bangladesh.
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