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Experimental quantum state certification by actively sampling photonic entangled states.

Michael Antesberger1, Mariana M E Schmid1, Huan Cao1,2

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Quantum state certification (QSC) validates entangled quantum states efficiently by measuring a subset, preserving the rest for quantum technologies. This method overcomes limitations of full characterization and identically distributed assumptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Technologies

Background:

  • Entangled quantum states are crucial for quantum technologies but require validation.
  • Full characterization of quantum states is resource-intensive.
  • Existing verification methods often destroy states and assume identical distributions (IID).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally implement quantum state certification (QSC).
  • To develop a method for validating quantum states without destroying the entire ensemble.
  • To overcome limitations of IID assumptions in quantum state verification.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental implementation of QSC using active optical switches.
  • Random sampling from sources of two-photon Bell states and three-photon GHZ states.
  • Real-time reporting of statistically sound fidelities.

Main Results:

  • QSC certifies fidelity of remaining quantum states by measuring only a subset.
  • The protocol removes the identically distributed assumption.
  • Achieved close to N^-1 scaling with N measured states.
  • Demonstrated device-independent implementation.

Conclusions:

  • QSC provides efficient and statistically sound validation of quantum states.
  • The protocol is suitable for benchmarking quantum computing devices and communication setups.
  • QSC is robust in standard and adversarial situations.