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Related Concept Videos

Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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From DNA to Protein03:06

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

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Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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DNA Helicases00:55

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Hydrodynamic-Plasmonic Au@ZIF-8 Nanoarray Sensor for Ultrasensitive DNA Methylation Assay toward Early Cancer

Runcheng Liu1, Jie Yan1, Shujun Zhang2

  • 1School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.

ACS Sensors
|February 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel biosensor for early cancer detection, enabling rapid and accurate DNA methylation analysis. The technology offers a sensitive, amplification-free method for quantifying methylation levels in patient samples.

Keywords:
Au@ZIF-8 nanoarraysDNA methylationearly cancer detectionoptical fiber biosensorsurface plasmon resonance

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Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key biomarker for early cancer detection.
  • Current methods face challenges in efficiency, trace DNA capture, and simultaneous measurement of concentration and ratio.
  • There is a need for advanced biosensing platforms for precise cancer diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating (TFBG) biosensor for sensitive and simultaneous quantification of DNA methylation concentration and ratio.
  • To overcome limitations of existing DNA detection strategies through enhanced capture and multiparametric profiling.
  • To establish a clinically translatable platform for early cancer detection.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered a TFBG biosensor with Au@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Au@ZIF-8) core-shell nanoparticle arrays.
  • Utilized hydrodynamic stagnation flow for preconcentration and plasmon-enhanced dielectrophoresis for active DNA trapping.
  • Implemented a dual-recognition strategy combining DNA hybridization and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) antibody binding for methylation profiling.

Main Results:

  • Achieved rapid (<15 min), amplification-free quantification of DNA methylation.
  • Demonstrated an ultralow detection limit of 6.9 × 10^2 copies/μL.
  • Clinical validation showed high diagnostic accuracy (ROC AUC of 0.941) in patient samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biosensing platform integrates microfluidics and plasmonic nanoengineering for robust DNA methylation analysis.
  • This amplification- and label-free approach offers a powerful strategy for high-throughput, clinically translatable cancer diagnostics.
  • The TFBG biosensor shows significant promise for early cancer detection through precise methylation profiling.