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Microplastic-induced alterations in the intestinal environment: Aging as a modulating factor.

Alicia Sánchez1, Diego Ríos1, Mireia Mártinez1

  • 1Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna (Valencia) 46980, Spain.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary microplastics (MPs) disrupt gut health, causing oxidative stress and inflammation. Environmental aging of MPs can alter their toxicity, impacting intestinal homeostasis and microbiota composition.

Keywords:
InflammationIntestinal toxicityMicrobiotaMicroplasticsPVCShort-chain fatty acids

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Dietary microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as environmental contaminants with potential health impacts.
  • Previous studies often used non-aged particles, not reflecting real-world MP exposure and toxicity.
  • Environmental aging can alter the physical and chemical properties of MPs, potentially influencing their biological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo intestinal toxicity of aged and non-aged PVC microplastics following subchronic oral exposure.
  • To assess the impact of PVC MPs on oxidative stress, inflammation, gut microbiota, and intestinal histology.
  • To determine if particle aging influences the toxicity of microplastics in the gut.

Main Methods:

  • Female BALB/c mice were orally gavaged with aged or non-aged PVC MPs (0.02mg/day) for 70 days.
  • Evaluated oxidative stress markers (ROS/RNS, lipid peroxidation), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), histological changes, gut microbiota, and fecal albumin.
  • Quantified MP accumulation using microwave-assisted digestion and µRaman spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Both aged and non-aged PVC MPs induced significant oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestine.
  • Histological analysis revealed reduced crypt depth and increased mucus-secreting cells.
  • MP exposure altered gut microbiota composition, reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, and showed differences in toxicity between aged and non-aged particles.

Conclusions:

  • Subchronic exposure to PVC microplastics disrupts intestinal homeostasis via oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis.
  • The aging process of microplastics can modulate their intestinal toxicity.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering environmental aging in assessing microplastic risks to gut health.