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Phase angle reference values in healthy Chinese adults: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Na Yang1, Wanyang Li2, Mingyao Sun1

  • 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diabetes FSMP, State Administration for Market Regulation, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|February 11, 2026
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Summary

This study establishes phase angle reference ranges for healthy Chinese adults, crucial for assessing cellular health. These findings aid in early disease detection and personalized medical interventions.

Keywords:
bioelectrical impedance analysisbody compositionphase anglereference values

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Physiology
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Phase angle is a key indicator of cellular integrity and overall health.
  • Existing reference values for phase angle in healthy Chinese adults are limited.
  • This study addresses the need for defined normative phase angle values in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish large-scale, sex-, age-, and body mass index-stratified reference ranges for phase angle in healthy Chinese adults.
  • To provide normative data for the clinical application of phase angle.
  • To support early disease screening and individualized health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter descriptive cross-sectional study involving 40,074 healthy Chinese adults.
  • Phase angle was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
  • Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze associations with age, sex, and BMI, generating stratified percentiles.

Main Results:

  • The mean phase angle was 5.52° ± 0.79°, with higher values observed in men than women.
  • Phase angle showed a positive correlation with BMI (r=0.35) and a negative correlation with age (r=-0.20).
  • Peak phase angle values were seen in the 30-39 age group, declining thereafter; device type did not significantly impact measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The study established the first comprehensive, sex-, age-, and BIA-specific phase angle reference ranges for healthy Chinese adults.
  • These normative values are essential for clinical use in health assessment.
  • The findings facilitate early disease screening and the development of personalized nutrition and medical strategies.