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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Large-scale quantum communication networks with integrated photonics.

Yun Zheng1, Hanyu Wang2, Xinyu Jia2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. zhengyun96@pku.edu.cn.

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|February 11, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates a scalable integrated-photonics quantum key distribution (QKD) network. The novel system enables secure communication over long distances, paving the way for large-scale quantum networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum communication and cryptography
  • Integrated photonics
  • Quantum networking

Background:

  • Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers provably secure communication but faces challenges in scaling to large networks and long distances.
  • Existing QKD network architectures like trusted-node and point-to-multipoint systems have limitations regarding intermediaries and distance.
  • Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) enhances communication distance but requires scalable quantum devices for network implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a scalable and reliable integrated-photonics TF-QKD network.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing QKD networks in terms of scale and distance.
  • To establish a viable path towards large-scale quantum networks using mass-manufacturable components.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an integrated-photonics TF-QKD network with 20 client-side QKD transmitter chips and one server-side optical microcomb chip.
  • Utilized a microcomb to generate ultralow-noise coherent frequency combs as seeds and references for client chips.
  • Implemented pairwise QKD across 20 client chips using ten wavelength-multiplexed channels, achieving phase-locking and key preparation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a networking capability of 3,700 km (client pairs × communication distance) with individual links surpassing the repeaterless bound at 370 km in spooled fiber.
  • Demonstrated wafer-scale reproducibility of both server-side microcomb chips and client-side QKD transmitter chips.
  • Showcased exceptional scalability and reliability of the integrated-photonics TF-QKD network.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated-photonics TF-QKD network offers a scalable and reliable solution for long-distance quantum communication.
  • The combination of mass-manufacturability, cost-effectiveness, and high scalability of integrated photonics is crucial for realizing large-scale quantum networks.
  • This proof-of-principle demonstration represents a significant step towards practical, large-scale quantum network deployment.